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How Hormones Affect Weight Gain and What Your Blood Tests Can Show

PBTT

Private Blood Tests Team

Clinical Team

29 Dec 202510 min read

If you have been struggling to lose weight despite eating well and exercising, you are not alone. Millions of people find themselves in the frustrating position of doing "everything right" yet watching the scales refuse to budge — or worse, continue to climb.

While calories and activity certainly matter, they are not the complete picture. Hormones — the chemical messengers that regulate virtually every bodily function — play a profound role in weight management. When hormones are out of balance, losing weight can feel nearly impossible, regardless of how hard you try.

The good news is that blood tests can identify hormonal imbalances that may be sabotaging your weight loss efforts, allowing for targeted treatment.

The Hormonal Weight Connection

Your body weight is regulated by a complex network of hormones that influence:

  • How hungry you feel
  • How efficiently you burn calories
  • Where fat is stored
  • How easily you gain or lose weight
  • Your energy levels and motivation to exercise
  • When these hormones are functioning optimally, weight management is relatively straightforward. When they are imbalanced, it can feel like your body is working against you.

    Thyroid Hormones: The Metabolism Master

    The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate your metabolic rate — how quickly you burn calories at rest. Thyroid dysfunction is one of the most common hormonal causes of weight problems.

    ### Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid)

    When the thyroid produces insufficient hormones, metabolism slows significantly.

    Effects on weight:

  • Reduced calorie burning at rest
  • Fatigue that reduces physical activity
  • Fluid retention
  • Weight gain even with unchanged eating habits
  • Other symptoms:

  • Feeling cold
  • Dry skin and hair
  • Constipation
  • Depression
  • Brain fog
  • Blood tests: TSH, Free T4, Free T3, thyroid antibodies. For comprehensive information, read our guide to private blood tests for thyroid problems.

    ### Subclinical Hypothyroidism

    Some people have thyroid function in the "normal" range but at the lower end, which may still affect metabolism. This subclinical hypothyroidism can make weight loss more difficult.

    Insulin: The Fat Storage Hormone

    Insulin is released by the pancreas to help cells absorb glucose from the blood. However, insulin also promotes fat storage and inhibits fat burning.

    ### Insulin Resistance

    When cells become less responsive to insulin, the body produces more to compensate. High insulin levels promote weight gain, particularly around the abdomen.

    Effects on weight:

  • Increased fat storage, especially visceral fat
  • Difficulty burning stored fat
  • Increased hunger and cravings
  • Energy crashes that reduce activity
  • Signs of insulin resistance:

  • Weight concentrated around the middle
  • Difficulty losing weight despite efforts
  • Fatigue after meals
  • Sugar and carbohydrate cravings
  • Skin tags or dark patches (acanthosis nigricans)
  • Blood tests: Fasting insulin, fasting glucose, HbA1c, HOMA-IR calculation. For more information, read our guide to understanding the A1C blood test.

    Cortisol: The Stress Hormone

    Cortisol is released in response to stress. While essential for survival, chronically elevated cortisol wreaks havoc on weight.

    Effects on weight:

  • Increased appetite, particularly for high-calorie foods
  • Promotes fat storage, especially abdominal fat
  • Breaks down muscle tissue, reducing metabolic rate
  • Disrupts sleep, which further affects weight
  • Increases insulin resistance
  • Signs of cortisol imbalance:

  • Weight gain despite unchanged habits
  • Fat accumulation around face and abdomen
  • Difficulty sleeping
  • Anxiety and irritability
  • Fatigue
  • Blood tests: Morning cortisol, DHEA-S. For detailed information, read our article on the link between stress, cortisol, and your blood test results.

    Sex Hormones

    ### Oestrogen

    Oestrogen influences where fat is stored and helps regulate appetite. Both high and low oestrogen can contribute to weight gain.

    Low oestrogen (menopause):

  • Shift of fat storage to the abdomen
  • Reduced metabolic rate
  • Increased insulin resistance
  • High oestrogen (oestrogen dominance):

  • Weight gain, particularly in hips and thighs
  • Fluid retention
  • Difficulty losing weight
  • ### Testosterone

    In both men and women, testosterone helps maintain muscle mass, which is essential for metabolic rate.

    Low testosterone effects:

  • Loss of muscle mass
  • Reduced metabolic rate
  • Increased fat storage
  • Fatigue and reduced motivation to exercise
  • ### Progesterone

    Low progesterone can contribute to oestrogen dominance and affect sleep quality, indirectly impacting weight.

    For more information, read our article on hormone imbalance symptoms you should not ignore.

    Other Hormones Affecting Weight

    ### Leptin

    Leptin is produced by fat cells and signals fullness to the brain. In obesity, leptin resistance develops, meaning the brain no longer responds to these signals.

    ### Ghrelin

    Ghrelin is the "hunger hormone." Sleep deprivation increases ghrelin, leading to increased appetite.

    ### Growth Hormone

    Growth hormone helps maintain muscle mass and promotes fat burning. Levels decline with age and poor sleep.

    Creating a Hormone Weight Panel

    A comprehensive hormone assessment for weight issues should include:

  • Thyroid panel: TSH, Free T4, Free T3, thyroid antibodies
  • Metabolic markers: Fasting glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin
  • Stress hormones: Morning cortisol, DHEA-S
  • Sex hormones: Oestradiol, testosterone, progesterone (as appropriate)
  • Supporting tests: Vitamin D, iron, B12 (deficiencies affect energy and metabolism)
  • For a complete overview, read our guide to what's included in a comprehensive health check.

    Taking Action

    If blood tests reveal hormonal imbalances:

  • Thyroid issues — May require medication to optimise levels
  • Insulin resistance — Often improves with dietary changes and exercise
  • Cortisol imbalance — Stress management and lifestyle changes are key
  • Sex hormone imbalances — Various treatments available depending on the issue
  • Hormone Testing in London

    At Private Blood Tests London, we offer comprehensive hormone panels at our CQC-registered clinic in South Kensington. Our tests can reveal whether hormonal imbalances are contributing to your weight struggles, giving you the information you need to take targeted action.

    Explore our [thyroid function tests](/thyroid-test), [diabetes screening](/diabetes-test), and [comprehensive health checks](/health-screening) for a complete metabolic assessment.

    Stop fighting your body. Understand it. Book your hormone blood test today.

    Ready to Book Your Test?

    Visit our CQC-registered clinic in South Kensington for professional blood testing services.