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A Comprehensive Guide to Chlamydia and Chlamydia Testing

PBTT

Private Blood Tests Team

Clinical Team

29 Dec 202410 min read

Chlamydia is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the United Kingdom, yet it remains widely misunderstood. Many people are unaware they have it because the infection often presents no symptoms, earning it the nickname "the silent infection." This comprehensive guide will help you understand what chlamydia is, how it spreads, who should get tested, and what to expect from the testing process.

What is Chlamydia?

Chlamydia is a bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. It is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. The infection can affect various parts of the body, most commonly the genitals, but it can also infect the rectum, throat, and eyes.

According to Public Health England, chlamydia is the most frequently diagnosed bacterial STI in England, with the highest rates occurring among sexually active young adults aged 15-24. However, anyone who is sexually active can contract chlamydia, regardless of age, gender, or sexual orientation.

How is Chlamydia Transmitted?

Chlamydia spreads through:

  • Unprotected vaginal sex – The most common route of transmission
  • Unprotected anal sex – Can lead to rectal chlamydia infection
  • Unprotected oral sex – Though less common, can cause throat infection
  • Sharing sex toys – If toys are not cleaned or covered with a new condom between uses
  • Genital contact – Even without penetration, close genital contact can transmit the bacteria
  • From mother to baby – During childbirth, an infected mother can pass chlamydia to her newborn
  • It is important to note that chlamydia cannot be spread through casual contact such as hugging, kissing, sharing towels, or using the same toilet seat.

    Symptoms of Chlamydia

    One of the most challenging aspects of chlamydia is that approximately 70% of women and 50% of men with the infection experience no symptoms at all. When symptoms do occur, they typically appear one to three weeks after exposure, though they can take longer to develop.

    Symptoms in Women:

  • Unusual vaginal discharge
  • Pain or burning sensation when urinating
  • Pain during sexual intercourse
  • Bleeding between periods or after sex
  • Lower abdominal or pelvic pain
  • Heavier periods than usual
  • Symptoms in Men:

  • White, cloudy, or watery discharge from the penis
  • Pain or burning sensation when urinating
  • Pain or swelling in the testicles
  • Discomfort or itching around the opening of the penis
  • Symptoms of Rectal Chlamydia:

  • Discomfort or pain in the rectum
  • Discharge from the rectum
  • Bleeding from the rectum
  • Because symptoms are often absent or mild, regular testing is essential for sexually active individuals. For more information about STI testing options, visit our STI testing page.

    Why Chlamydia Testing is Important

    Testing for chlamydia is crucial for several reasons:

    Preventing Complications

    If left untreated, chlamydia can lead to serious health complications. In women, the infection can spread to the uterus and fallopian tubes, causing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). PID can result in chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility. In men, untreated chlamydia can cause epididymitis (inflammation of the tube that carries sperm), which can also affect fertility.

    Protecting Your Partners

    Since chlamydia often has no symptoms, you could unknowingly pass the infection to sexual partners. Getting tested allows you to take responsibility for your sexual health and protect others.

    Easy Treatment

    Chlamydia is easily treated with antibiotics when detected early. A single dose or short course of antibiotics is usually sufficient to clear the infection. Early detection means early treatment and a faster return to full health.

    Peace of Mind

    Regular testing provides reassurance about your sexual health status. Knowing your status empowers you to make informed decisions about your health and relationships.

    Who Should Get Tested?

    The following groups are advised to consider regular chlamydia testing:

  • Anyone under 25 who is sexually active (recommended annually or with each new partner)
  • Anyone with a new sexual partner
  • Anyone who has had unprotected sex
  • Anyone whose partner has been diagnosed with chlamydia or another STI
  • Anyone experiencing symptoms of a genital infection
  • Pregnant women (as part of routine antenatal care)
  • Anyone who has been sexually assaulted
  • If you are concerned about your sexual health or have been exposed to a potential infection, do not hesitate to get tested. Early detection is key to preventing complications and protecting your health.

    The Chlamydia Testing Procedure

    Chlamydia testing is straightforward and confidential. At Private Blood Tests London, we offer discreet STI testing at our CQC-registered clinic in South Kensington.

    Types of Tests

    Chlamydia can be detected through:

  • Urine sample – The most common method, particularly for men. You simply provide a urine sample in a sterile container.
  • Swab test – A swab is taken from the affected area (cervix, urethra, rectum, or throat depending on potential exposure sites). For women, this may be a self-collected vaginal swab or one taken by a healthcare professional.
  • What to Expect

    The testing process is quick and simple. For urine tests, you will be asked not to urinate for at least one to two hours before providing your sample, as this increases the accuracy of the test. Swab tests take only seconds and cause minimal discomfort.

    Your sample is then sent to a laboratory for analysis using nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT), which is highly accurate at detecting chlamydia bacteria.

    Getting Your Results

    Results are typically available within a few days. At Private Blood Tests London, we provide your results securely and confidentially. If you test positive, we recommend consulting with your GP or a sexual health clinic for treatment and partner notification advice.

    Understanding Your Results

    Negative Result

    A negative result means no chlamydia bacteria were detected in your sample. However, if you have been recently exposed (within the past two weeks), you may wish to retest after the window period has passed to ensure accuracy.

    Positive Result

    A positive result indicates the presence of chlamydia bacteria. This means you will need antibiotic treatment, which is highly effective. It is essential to:

  • Complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed
  • Avoid sexual contact until you and your partner(s) have completed treatment
  • Inform recent sexual partners so they can also get tested and treated
  • Get retested approximately three months after treatment to ensure the infection has cleared
  • Preventing Chlamydia

    While the only way to completely avoid chlamydia is abstinence, there are several steps you can take to reduce your risk:

  • Use condoms consistently – Male and female condoms significantly reduce the risk of transmission when used correctly
  • Limit sexual partners – Fewer partners means lower risk of exposure
  • Get tested regularly – Especially with new partners or if you have multiple partners
  • Communicate openly – Discuss sexual health and testing with your partners
  • Avoid sharing sex toys – Or use a new condom on toys between partners
  • Confidential Testing at Private Blood Tests London

    We understand that STI testing can feel daunting, which is why we prioritise discretion and professionalism at our clinic. Our experienced team provides a comfortable, judgement-free environment for all your sexual health testing needs.

    Explore our [STI testing services](/sti-testing) and learn about [which STDs can be detected by blood tests](/blog/which-stds-can-be-detected-by-blood-tests).

    Chlamydia testing can be booked as a standalone test or as part of a comprehensive STI screening package. To learn more about the blood testing procedure and what to expect, read our guide on blood testing procedures, results, and after effects.

    Take Control of Your Sexual Health

    Chlamydia is common, treatable, and preventable with the right knowledge and regular testing. Do not let embarrassment or fear prevent you from looking after your health. Book your confidential chlamydia test today at Private Blood Tests London and take a proactive step towards protecting yourself and your partners.

    Ready to Book Your Test?

    Visit our CQC-registered clinic in South Kensington for professional blood testing services.