Introduction
Thyroid problems are among the most common hormonal conditions in the UK, yet they remain widely underdiagnosed. Many people live with symptoms of thyroid problems for months or even years without realising the cause. Fatigue, unexplained weight changes, low mood, and aching joints are often dismissed as signs of ageing, stress, or a busy lifestyle — but they may point to something more specific.
Recognising the 19 signs of thyroid problems early can make a meaningful difference to your wellbeing. The thyroid gland influences nearly every system in the body, from metabolism and energy to mood and reproductive health. When it is not functioning optimally, the effects can be widespread and varied.
This guide explores the early warning signs of thyroid problems, how symptoms may present differently in women and men, and how a simple thyroid blood test can help identify imbalances before they progress further.
What Are Thyroid Problems?
The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the front of the neck. It produces hormones — primarily thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) — that regulate metabolism, energy production, body temperature, and the function of many organs.
Thyroid problems occur when the gland produces too much or too little of these hormones. The two most common types are:
Because thyroid hormones affect so many processes, symptoms of thyroid problems can be wide-ranging and may overlap with other conditions. This is one reason thyroid dysfunction often goes unrecognised for some time.
What Are the Early Warning Signs of Thyroid Problems?
Understanding what are early warning signs of thyroid problems is an important first step. Many symptoms develop gradually, which can make them easy to overlook or attribute to other causes.
Common early signs may include persistent tiredness that does not improve with rest, unexplained changes in weight, increased sensitivity to cold or heat, and shifts in mood or energy levels. Some people notice changes in their skin, hair, or nails before other symptoms become apparent.
Knowing how to know if you have thyroid problems starts with paying attention to patterns in your body. If several of these signs appear together or persist over time, a thyroid blood test can provide valuable clarity.
19 Signs of Thyroid Problems You Shouldn't Ignore
The following 19 signs of thyroid problems are commonly associated with thyroid dysfunction. They may appear individually or in combination, and their severity can vary from person to person.
1. Persistent Fatigue and Low Energy
One of the most frequently reported hypothyroidism symptoms is ongoing fatigue. This is not ordinary tiredness — it is a deep, persistent exhaustion that does not resolve with adequate sleep. If you feel drained despite resting well, your thyroid function may warrant investigation.
2. Unexplained Weight Gain
Thyroid weight gain is a hallmark sign of an underactive thyroid. When the thyroid is sluggish, metabolism slows down, making it easier to gain weight and harder to lose it. If you are experiencing weight changes without significant alterations to your diet or activity levels, this is worth noting.
3. Difficulty Losing Weight
Closely related to weight gain, many people with hypothyroidism find that will thyroid cause weight gain is a question they can answer from experience. Even with consistent effort, weight loss may feel unusually difficult when thyroid hormone levels are low.
4. Constipation
Constipation underactive thyroid is a well-recognised association. Reduced thyroid hormone levels can slow digestion and bowel motility, leading to persistent constipation that may not respond well to dietary changes alone.
5. Facial Puffiness
Facial puffiness hypothyroidism is a characteristic feature, particularly around the eyes. This swelling, sometimes called myxoedema, results from fluid retention associated with reduced thyroid activity and can give the face a noticeably puffy appearance.
6. Sensitivity to Cold
Feeling cold when others around you are comfortable is a classic sign of an underactive thyroid. The thyroid helps regulate body temperature, and when hormone levels drop, your ability to generate warmth may decrease.
7. Dry Skin and Brittle Nails
Underactive thyroid nails may become brittle, ridged, or slow-growing. Similarly, the skin may become unusually dry, flaky, or rough. These changes occur because reduced thyroid hormones affect skin cell turnover and moisture regulation.
8. Hair Thinning or Loss
Thinning hair, particularly around the outer edges of the eyebrows, is a recognised sign of thyroid dysfunction. Hair may become dry, coarse, or fall out more easily than usual.
9. Low Mood or Depression
Thyroid hormones play an important role in brain chemistry and emotional regulation. An underactive thyroid can contribute to feelings of low mood, sadness, or a reduced sense of motivation.
10. Anxiety and Nervousness
Can a low thyroid cause anxiety? Yes — whilst anxiety is more commonly associated with an overactive thyroid, does underactive thyroid cause anxiety is a question with growing evidence suggesting it can. Imbalances in thyroid hormones may affect neurotransmitter function, contributing to feelings of unease.
11. Memory and Concentration Difficulties
Sometimes described as "brain fog," difficulty concentrating or remembering things can be linked to thyroid imbalances. Tasks that once felt straightforward may require more effort.
12. Muscle Weakness
Reduced thyroid hormone levels can affect muscle strength and endurance. You may notice that everyday activities feel more physically demanding than usual.
13. Joint Pain and Aching
Underactive thyroid aching joints is a commonly reported symptom. Can underactive thyroid cause aching joints? Many individuals experience low thyroid joint pain, stiffness, or general musculoskeletal discomfort that may be mistaken for other conditions.
14. Menstrual Changes
For women, thyroid dysfunction can affect the menstrual cycle. Periods may become heavier, more frequent, or irregular. These changes are particularly relevant when considering what are the symptoms of thyroid problems in females.
15. Reduced Libido
A decrease in sex drive can occur in both women and men with thyroid imbalances. This may be related to fatigue, hormonal shifts, or mood changes associated with thyroid dysfunction.
16. Swelling in the Neck Area
A noticeable fullness or swelling at the front of the neck may indicate thyroid enlargement. This is not always a cause for concern, but it is worth being aware of as part of general health monitoring.
17. Sleep Disturbances
Difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or feeling unrested despite adequate sleep duration can all be associated with thyroid imbalances.
18. Hoarseness or Voice Changes
Changes in voice quality, such as hoarseness or a deeper tone, may occur if the thyroid gland is enlarged and affecting nearby structures.
19. Reduced Exercise Tolerance
If physical activities that once felt manageable now leave you breathless or exhausted, reduced thyroid function may be a contributing factor. This relates to the overall metabolic slowdown associated with hypothyroidism.
These 19 signs of thyroid problems in females and males alike deserve attention. Recognising what are the 20 signs of thyroid problems — often described in various health resources — begins with awareness of these core indicators.
Thyroid Symptoms in Women
Thyroid problems in women are significantly more common than in men. Research suggests that women are five to eight times more likely to experience thyroid dysfunction, particularly during periods of hormonal change such as puberty, pregnancy, postpartum, and menopause.
Thyroid symptoms in female individuals may overlap with symptoms associated with these hormonal life stages, making them easier to dismiss. For example, fatigue, mood changes, and weight fluctuations during perimenopause may be attributed solely to menopausal transition, when in fact an underactive thyroid could be contributing.
What are early warning signs of thyroid problems in females often include:
Understanding how to control thyroid in female health involves maintaining awareness of these signs and supporting overall wellbeing through balanced nutrition, regular activity, adequate sleep, and stress management. If symptoms persist, a thyroid blood test can provide important insights.
Thyroid Dysfunction Symptoms in Men
Do men get hypothyroidism? Absolutely. While thyroid conditions are more prevalent in women, can men get thyroid problems is a question with a clear answer — yes. Thyroid dysfunction symptoms in men are real and can significantly affect quality of life.
Can guys have thyroid issues? They certainly can. Men with hypothyroidism may experience:
Because thyroid conditions are less commonly discussed in men, symptoms may be attributed to stress, ageing, or lifestyle factors. Awareness that thyroid dysfunction symptoms in men are valid and testable is an important step towards proactive health management.
Thyroid, Weight Gain, and Metabolism
Will thyroid cause weight gain? This is one of the most frequently asked questions about thyroid health. The answer is that thyroid dysfunction — particularly an underactive thyroid — can meaningfully affect metabolism and body weight.
When thyroid hormone levels are low, the body's basal metabolic rate decreases. This means fewer calories are burned at rest, making thyroid weight gain more likely even without changes in eating habits. Fluid retention can also contribute to the number on the scale.
It is important to note that while thyroid dysfunction can contribute to weight changes, it is typically one factor among several. Maintaining balanced nutrition, regular physical activity, and adequate hydration supports overall metabolic health regardless of thyroid status.
Thyroid, Anxiety, and Mood Changes
Can a low thyroid cause anxiety? This is a question many people ask, and the relationship between thyroid function and mental wellbeing is well established. Does underactive thyroid cause anxiety? Evidence suggests that it can, though the mechanism is complex.
Thyroid hormones influence serotonin and other neurotransmitters that regulate mood. When levels are low, individuals may experience:
These emotional changes are a physiological response to hormonal imbalance, not a personal failing. Recognising the connection between thyroid function and mood can be reassuring and empowering.
Joint Pain, Nails, and Physical Symptoms
Underactive thyroid aching joints is one of the more physically noticeable symptoms. Can underactive thyroid cause aching joints? Yes — low thyroid joint pain may manifest as stiffness, tenderness, or a general sense of discomfort in the joints and muscles.
The physical effects of thyroid dysfunction extend beyond joint pain:
These symptoms, while not dangerous in themselves, can significantly affect daily comfort and self-esteem. They also serve as visible indicators that thyroid function may warrant investigation.
Is Underactive Thyroid Hereditary?
Is underactive thyroid hereditary? Research indicates that genetics play a meaningful role in thyroid susceptibility. If close family members have experienced thyroid conditions, your own risk may be higher.
Is low thyroid genetic? While no single gene determines thyroid function, inherited factors can influence how the immune system interacts with the thyroid gland. Autoimmune thyroid conditions, such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis — the most common cause of hypothyroidism in the UK — tend to run in families.
Having a family history does not guarantee you will develop thyroid problems, but it does make awareness and preventive screening particularly worthwhile. Regular blood testing can help identify changes in thyroid function early, even before symptoms become noticeable.
Diet and Lifestyle Awareness
While this article does not provide dietary prescriptions, general awareness of lifestyle factors that may support thyroid wellbeing is helpful.
The NHS provides information on underactive thyroid diet NHS guidelines, which emphasise balanced nutrition including adequate iodine, selenium, and iron — minerals that support thyroid hormone production and conversion.
General lifestyle considerations include:
These are general wellbeing principles, not prescriptive measures. Individual nutritional needs vary, and appropriate healthcare services can provide personalised guidance.
How Blood Tests Help Identify Thyroid Imbalances
A thyroid blood test is the most reliable way to assess thyroid function. Key markers typically measured include:
Understanding these markers through clear, patient-friendly reports empowers you to take an informed approach to your health. Private Blood Tests London provides comprehensive thyroid panels with straightforward results you can share with appropriate healthcare services.
Symptom Comparison Table
The following table summarises common symptoms and their possible thyroid association:
| Symptom | Possible Thyroid Link | Awareness Purpose |
|---------|----------------------|-------------------|
| Persistent fatigue | Reduced metabolic rate | Energy and wellbeing monitoring |
| Unexplained weight gain | Slowed metabolism | Weight and lifestyle awareness |
| Constipation | Reduced bowel motility | Digestive health tracking |
| Facial puffiness | Fluid retention | Visible symptom recognition |
| Cold sensitivity | Decreased heat production | Temperature regulation awareness |
| Dry skin and brittle nails | Reduced cell turnover | Physical appearance changes |
| Hair thinning | Hormonal effect on follicles | Early warning indicator |
| Low mood or anxiety | Neurotransmitter imbalance | Mental wellbeing monitoring |
| Joint pain and aching | Inflammatory response | Musculoskeletal awareness |
| Menstrual changes | Hormonal disruption | Reproductive health tracking |
| Reduced libido | Hormonal and mood effects | Overall wellbeing indicator |
| Neck swelling | Thyroid enlargement | Physical examination awareness |
| Sleep disturbance | Hormonal disruption | Rest and recovery monitoring |
| Hoarseness | Gland-related pressure | Voice and throat awareness |
| Reduced exercise tolerance | Metabolic slowdown | Fitness and energy monitoring |
When to Consider Thyroid Blood Testing
Consider a thyroid blood test if you are experiencing:
Preventive health screening is especially valuable for women over 35, individuals with a family history of autoimmune conditions, and anyone experiencing persistent, unexplained symptoms.
You can book a thyroid blood test conveniently at a time that suits you. Results are provided in a clear, easy-to-understand format.
Taking an Informed Approach to Your Wellbeing
Understanding the 19 signs of thyroid problems is an important step towards proactive health management. Thyroid conditions are common, often manageable, and — most importantly — identifiable through a straightforward blood test.
Whether you have noticed changes that concern you or simply wish to establish a baseline for future comparison, thyroid blood testing offers a practical and accessible way to gain insight into your hormonal health.
At Private Blood Tests London, we provide comprehensive thyroid panels in a comfortable, CQC-registered clinic setting. Our clear, patient-friendly reports are designed to support your understanding and empower informed decisions about your wellbeing.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the early warning signs of thyroid problems?
Early warning signs of thyroid problems may include persistent fatigue, unexplained weight gain, sensitivity to cold, dry skin, hair thinning, low mood, and difficulty concentrating. These symptoms often develop gradually and may be mistaken for other conditions. A thyroid blood test can help clarify whether thyroid function is a contributing factor.
What are the symptoms of thyroid problems in females?
Thyroid symptoms in female individuals commonly include fatigue, weight changes, heavy or irregular periods, hair thinning, dry skin, brittle nails, mood changes, and cold sensitivity. Women are more likely to experience thyroid dysfunction, particularly during hormonal life stages such as pregnancy and menopause.
Can men get thyroid problems?
Yes, men can and do experience thyroid problems. While thyroid conditions are more common in women, men may develop hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism with symptoms including fatigue, weight gain, muscle weakness, low mood, and reduced libido. Awareness and testing are important for men as well.
Does underactive thyroid cause weight gain or anxiety?
An underactive thyroid can contribute to both weight gain and anxiety. Reduced thyroid hormone levels slow metabolism, which may lead to weight gain, and can also affect neurotransmitter function, potentially contributing to anxiety, low mood, or nervousness.
Is underactive thyroid hereditary?
There is a hereditary component to thyroid conditions. If close family members have thyroid disorders, your risk may be higher. Autoimmune thyroid conditions in particular tend to have a genetic link. Regular screening is advisable if you have a family history.
How do blood tests help identify thyroid problems?
Blood tests measure key thyroid markers including TSH, Free T4, Free T3, and thyroid antibodies. These results indicate whether the thyroid is producing appropriate hormone levels and whether autoimmune factors may be involved. Testing provides a clear, objective picture of thyroid function that supports informed health decisions.